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手關節常見傷病與健康防護

醫用護理

手關節常見傷病與健康防護

2020-09-17

1、手部的構造與(yu)功能:

  腕以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)為(wei)手(shou)(shou)(shou)。人手(shou)(shou)(shou)分(fen)左右(you),每(mei)只(zhi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)由大(da)拇指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、食指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、中指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、無名指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、小手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(又名尾指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))共5個手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和手(shou)(shou)(shou)掌(zhang)所組成。每(mei)個手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)端都有(you)(you)一(yi)片指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甲。手(shou)(shou)(shou)掌(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)皮(pi)約為(wei)4mm,是人體皮(pi)膚最(zui)厚處,而手(shou)(shou)(shou)背的(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)膚則較之薄軟且富(fu)有(you)(you)彈性(xing)(xing)。手(shou)(shou)(shou)與(yu)眼(yan)(yan)睛、大(da)腦共同(tong)構成人類最(zui)具(ju)智(zhi)慧的(de)(de)(de)(de)三大(da)重要器官。與(yu)靈(ling)長(chang)類動物(wu)不同(tong),人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)有(you)(you)獨一(yi)無二的(de)(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing),拇指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)其他4個手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以相互對合,而每(mei)個手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又能各自向內(nei)彎(wan)曲(qu),左右(you)輕微擺動。手(shou)(shou)(shou)部神(shen)經(jing)(jing)豐富(fu),手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)掌(zhang)側(ce)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腹(fu)擁有(you)(you)眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)球梢,對觸覺、溫(wen)(wen)覺、痛(tong)覺等極為(wei)敏感,被稱為(wei)“人的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二雙眼(yan)(yan)睛”。因(yin)此,手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在執行腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令時(shi),可(ke)(ke)做出靈(ling)敏的(de)(de)(de)(de)動作,并能透過皮(pi)膚感受(shou)周圍環境溫(wen)(wen)度和外物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)感,再(zai)通過神(shen)經(jing)(jing)網絡傳導給大(da)腦,可(ke)(ke)感覺到振(zhen)(zhen)幅只(zhi)有(you)(you)0.00002毫米的(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)動。

1-1

  手(shou)骨(gu)由腕骨(gu)、掌(zhang)骨(gu)和(he)指骨(gu)3部分共(gong)27塊骨(gu)骼組成(cheng)。其中,腕骨(gu)為短骨(gu),共(gong)有8塊,排成(cheng)兩列(lie)(lie)(lie),每列(lie)(lie)(lie)4塊。其近(jin)側(ce)(ce)(ce)列(lie)(lie)(lie)從橈側(ce)(ce)(ce)到(dao)尺(chi)側(ce)(ce)(ce)依次(ci)為舟骨(gu)、月(yue)骨(gu)、三角(jiao)骨(gu)和(he)豌豆(dou)骨(gu),共(gong)同形成(cheng)一個橢(tuo)圓形的(de)關(guan)節(jie)面,向上與(yu)橈骨(gu)的(de)腕關(guan)節(jie)面相(xiang)關(guan)聯(lian)。其遠側(ce)(ce)(ce)列(lie)(lie)(lie)從橈側(ce)(ce)(ce)到(dao)尺(chi)側(ce)(ce)(ce)依次(ci)為大多角(jiao)骨(gu)、小多角(jiao)骨(gu)、頭狀骨(gu)和(he)鉤骨(gu),與(yu)掌(zhang)骨(gu)相(xiang)關(guan)聯(lian)。相(xiang)鄰的(de)腕骨(gu)相(xiang)互形成(cheng)關(guan)節(jie),即腕骨(gu)間關(guan)節(jie)。遠側(ce)(ce)(ce)列(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)腕骨(gu)則與(yu)相(xiang)鄰的(de)掌(zhang)骨(gu)相(xiang)互形成(cheng)腕掌(zhang)關(guan)節(jie)。

  掌骨(gu)(gu)為小管狀(zhuang)骨(gu)(gu),共有5塊,從橈側(ce)(ce)向尺(chi)側(ce)(ce)依(yi)次(ci)稱為第1、2、3、4、5掌骨(gu)(gu)。第1掌骨(gu)(gu)最(zui)短(duan),且(qie)粗壯,第2掌骨(gu)(gu)最(zui)長,其余依(yi)次(ci)漸(jian)短(duan)。其中(zhong),第2掌骨(gu)(gu)的(de)長度測(ce)量被(bei)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)青少(shao)年的(de)身高預測(ce)。籽骨(gu)(gu)一般在第1和第5掌骨(gu)(gu)頭前方的(de)肌腱內,有豆狀(zhuang)小骨(gu)(gu)稱籽骨(gu)(gu),起到減少(shao)摩擦的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。相(xiang)鄰的(de)掌骨(gu)(gu)相(xiang)互形成關節,即掌骨(gu)(gu)間(jian)關節。

  指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)共有(you)14塊,除拇指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為2節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)外(wai),其余4個(ge)手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆為3節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),由(you)近(jin)(jin)向遠(yuan)依次分為第1、2、3節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu),或(huo)近(jin)(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)、中節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)、遠(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu),第3節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)又稱末(mo)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)。近(jin)(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)與相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄰的(de)(de)掌骨(gu)(gu)之間相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互形(xing)成掌指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄰的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)之間又相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互形(xing)成指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)間關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),即指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),由(you)近(jin)(jin)至遠(yuan)分別(bie)為近(jin)(jin)側指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(近(jin)(jin)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie))和遠(yuan)側指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(遠(yuan)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie))。除末(mo)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)以外(wai),其余各(ge)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)小頭的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)面均(jun)呈(cheng)滑車(che)狀(zhuang),與其遠(yuan)側指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)底相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),稱為指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)滑車(che)。

1-2

  手(shou)部(bu)的(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)由(you)橈腕(wan)關節(jie)(jie)(jie)(腕(wan)關節(jie)(jie)(jie))、腕(wan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)關節(jie)(jie)(jie)、腕(wan)掌(zhang)關節(jie)(jie)(jie)、掌(zhang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)關節(jie)(jie)(jie)、掌(zhang)指(zhi)(zhi)關節(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)指(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)關節(jie)(jie)(jie)等眾多關節(jie)(jie)(jie)連結而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),借助于(yu)(yu)呈細小、短粗狀分布在掌(zhang)面拇指(zhi)(zhi)側(ce)(ce)的(de)外側(ce)(ce)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)(大魚(yu)際(ji))、小指(zhi)(zhi)側(ce)(ce)的(de)內側(ce)(ce)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)(小魚(yu)際(ji))、手(shou)掌(zhang)中間(jian)的(de)中間(jian)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)共3個肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)19塊肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)以及其(qi)(qi)它(ta)來自(zi)于(yu)(yu)前臂、止(zhi)于(yu)(yu)掌(zhang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或指(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)20余塊外部(bu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)、肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱、韌帶組(zu)織(zhi)等,在正中神(shen)(shen)經、尺神(shen)(shen)經、橈神(shen)(shen)經等神(shen)(shen)經組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)支配下,可(ke)做出靈(ling)活(huo)、準確的(de)屈(qu)、伸、收、展、環轉等運(yun)動。其(qi)(qi)中,大魚(yu)際(ji)是控(kong)制(zhi)拇指(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)動的(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)組(zu)織(zhi),由(you)深(shen)層(ceng)和(he)淺層(ceng)的(de)拇短展肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、拇短屈(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、拇對掌(zhang)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、拇收肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共4塊肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。小魚(yu)際(ji)是控(kong)制(zhi)小指(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)動的(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)組(zu)織(zhi),由(you)掌(zhang)短肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、小指(zhi)(zhi)展肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、小指(zhi)(zhi)短屈(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、小指(zhi)(zhi)對掌(zhang)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共4塊深(shen)、淺層(ceng)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。中間(jian)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)是控(kong)制(zhi)中間(jian)3個手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)動的(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)組(zu)織(zhi),由(you)4塊蚓狀肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、7塊骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

  手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)動度的參考(kao)值因測量方法不同(tong)而各(ge)有差異。掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關節先置(zhi)(zhi)于中(zhong)立(li)位,其活(huo)動度為(wei):掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關節屈曲(qu)60~90°,伸(shen)直(zhi)(zhi)0°;近節指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關節屈曲(qu)90°,伸(shen)直(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)0°;遠節指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關節屈曲(qu)60~90°,伸(shen)直(zhi)(zhi)0°。掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)拇關節先置(zhi)(zhi)于中(zhong)立(li)位,其活(huo)動度為(wei):掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)側外展(zhan)70°;對掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),注意(yi)拇指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橫越手掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之程度;屈曲(qu),掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)拇關節20~50°,指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關節90°;內收(shou),伸(shen)直(zhi)(zhi)位與食指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橈(rao)側并攏。

 
2、手部主要(yao)傷(shang)病的種類、原(yuan)因、癥狀及(ji)治療方法:

  手(shou)部疾病主(zhu)要(yao)以外力致傷(shang)和(he)(he)勞(lao)損較為(wei)多見,如(ru)手(shou)舟骨(gu)骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)、掌骨(gu)骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)、指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)、手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)扭挫傷(shang),手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)脫(tuo)位、手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)囊損傷(shang)、指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)側(ce)副韌帶損傷(shang)、手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伸指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌腱(jian)或屈(qu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌腱(jian)損傷(shang)、手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屈(qu)肌腱(jian)鞘炎(yan)等,也有痛風型和(he)(he)類(lei)風濕性手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)腫脹(zhang)疼痛、手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)變形等骨(gu)性關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)等。

(1)、指骨骨折

  指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)是分(fen)布于手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)小(xiao)型長骨(gu)(gu),屬于附肢骨(gu)(gu)。每(mei)只手(shou)(shou)各(ge)有指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)14塊(kuai),其(qi)(qi)(qi)中拇指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2節(jie)(jie),其(qi)(qi)(qi)余4個手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均為(wei)3節(jie)(jie),由近向遠(yuan)(yuan)依次分(fen)為(wei)第1、2、3節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu),或近節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)、中節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)、遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu),第3節(jie)(jie)又稱末(mo)節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)。每(mei)節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)分(fen)為(wei)底(di)、體(ti)、小(xiao)頭(tou)三部分(fen),底(di)與頭(tou)之間為(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)體(ti)。除(chu)末(mo)節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)以外,其(qi)(qi)(qi)余各(ge)節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)小(xiao)頭(tou)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)面(mian)呈(cheng)滑(hua)車形式,與其(qi)(qi)(qi)遠(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)底(di)相關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie),稱為(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)滑(hua)車。末(mo)節(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)遠(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)端為(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)粗隆,稍膨大且粗糙,又名甲粗隆。

  作為人類最(zui)具智(zhi)慧(hui)的三大重要器官之一,手(shou)的功能(neng)繁(fan)多,構(gou)造精巧,很多工作都需要手(shou)部(bu)完成。因手(shou)與外界接觸最(zui)多,活(huo)動頻繁(fan),所(suo)以手(shou)部(bu)也是骨折的易發部(bu)位(wei)。據統(tong)計,手(shou)部(bu)骨折(腕(wan)骨以遠)約(yue)有70%發生于手(shou)指。

2-1-1

  指骨(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)稱竹節骨(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe),主要(yao)因直接(jie)(jie)暴(bao)力和(he)間接(jie)(jie)暴(bao)力致傷,其中以(yi)直接(jie)(jie)暴(bao)力最為多(duo)(duo)見(jian),且多(duo)(duo)為開(kai)放(fang)(fang)性(xing)骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)。骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)有橫斷(duan)、斜(xie)形、螺旋、粉碎或波及關節面(mian)等類型,閉合性(xing)骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)橫斷(duan)骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)較為多(duo)(duo)見(jian),斜(xie)形骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)次之,開(kai)放(fang)(fang)性(xing)骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)則(ze)以(yi)粉碎骨(gu)(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)居多(duo)(duo)。

  指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)的(de)(de)主要癥狀表(biao)現為患部疼痛、腫脹,壓痛和活(huo)動(dong)(dong)功能受(shou)限,有明(ming)顯畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)見,同時可(ke)捫及骨(gu)(gu)(gu)擦音,關節(jie)(jie)(jie)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)異常(chang)。指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)可(ke)發(fa)生(sheng)在近節(jie)(jie)(jie)、中節(jie)(jie)(jie)和遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie),可(ke)單(dan)發(fa)也可(ke)多(duo)(duo)發(fa),且骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)癥狀呈多(duo)(duo)樣化。近節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)多(duo)(duo)由(you)間接暴(bao)力所致(zhi)(zhi),以骨(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)居(ju)多(duo)(duo),常(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)向(xiang)掌側成(cheng)角畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。中節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)因受(shou)直(zhi)(zhi)接暴(bao)力打擊可(ke)造成(cheng)橫斷骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe),受(shou)間接暴(bao)力可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)斜形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或螺旋(xuan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe),因其骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)部位(wei)(wei)不同,可(ke)發(fa)生(sheng)向(xiang)背側成(cheng)角畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或向(xiang)掌側成(cheng)角畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)多(duo)(duo)因直(zhi)(zhi)接暴(bao)力所致(zhi)(zhi),如被重物砸傷(shang)、擠壓傷(shang)等,輕(qing)者僅有骨(gu)(gu)(gu)裂(lie)紋,重者可(ke)裂(lie)成(cheng)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)塊(kuai),多(duo)(duo)合并有軟組織裂(lie)傷(shang),一般無明(ming)顯移(yi)位(wei)(wei)或畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)基底(di)背側撕脫多(duo)(duo)為手(shou)指(zhi)伸直(zhi)(zhi)時遭(zao)遇(yu)間接暴(bao)力作用于(yu)指(zhi)端,致(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)突然屈曲。因受(shou)指(zhi)伸肌(ji)腱的(de)(de)牽(qian)拉,遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)基底(di)背側可(ke)發(fa)生(sheng)撕脫骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)。骨(gu)(gu)(gu)折(zhe)后,遠(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)手(shou)指(zhi)屈曲,呈典型的(de)(de)“錘狀指(zhi)”畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

2-1-2

  指(zhi)骨(gu)骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)是手(shou)(shou)(shou)部常(chang)見的骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe),發生率很高,占四肢骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)的首(shou)位(wei),多見于成(cheng)人。骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)治療首(shou)先應正確整復(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)位(wei),盡量做到解剖復(fu)(fu)位(wei),不(bu)可有成(cheng)角、旋轉、重疊移位(wei)畸形,以免妨礙肌腱(jian)的正常(chang)滑(hua)動,造成(cheng)手(shou)(shou)(shou)指(zhi)功能障礙。對(dui)(dui)閉(bi)合骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)可行(xing)手(shou)(shou)(shou)法復(fu)(fu)位(wei),對(dui)(dui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)法復(fu)(fu)位(wei)不(bu)成(cheng)功或斜形骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)、粉碎性骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)等嚴重患(huan)者,可考慮手(shou)(shou)(shou)術復(fu)(fu)位(wei),克(ke)氏針內固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。指(zhi)骨(gu)開放骨(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)應徹底清創,再行(xing)復(fu)(fu)位(wei)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。

  無論使(shi)用(yong)何(he)種復位(wei)方法,均必須復位(wei)精準(zhun),固定(ding)結實。指(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)骨(gu)折術后應(ying)持續使(shi)用(yong)專(zhuan)業設計的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)夾板、肩臂吊(diao)帶等(deng)醫用(yong)護(hu)具,將復位(wei)或術后的(de)(de)患(huan)指(zhi)(zhi)牢固地固定(ding)于功(gong)能位(wei),保證斷骨(gu)復位(wei)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性,并借助于肩臂吊(diao)帶等(deng)專(zhuan)用(yong)護(hu)具對(dui)手臂予以制動,確保同(tong)時受損的(de)(de)韌(ren)帶、筋膜、軟骨(gu)、神經等(deng)軟組織處于相對(dui)安全狀態,最大限度減輕疼痛(tong)感。在康復治(zhi)療(liao)期(qi)(qi)間,可(ke)配(pei)合理療(liao)、局部封閉、口服抗(kang)炎藥(yao)物等(deng)常規性治(zhi)療(liao),視患(huan)指(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)恢(hui)復程度,積(ji)極(ji)進入早期(qi)(qi)功(gong)能鍛煉,可(ke)提高(gao)患(huan)部生理機能良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)康復效果。

(2)、指間關節(jie)扭挫(cuo)傷(shang)

  手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)又(you)名指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(interphalangeal joint)。每只(zhi)手除拇指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)外(wai)(wai),其(qi)余四個(ge)(ge)都有(you)(you)(you)近(jin)側(ce)(ce)和遠(yuan)側(ce)(ce)兩個(ge)(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie),由(you)近(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)、中節(jie)(jie)(jie)、遠(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)共14塊指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨所構成(cheng)。每個(ge)(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)均(jun)由(you)近(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨的(de)(de)頭部與遠(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨的(de)(de)基(ji)底部相(xiang)對應(ying)而(er)組成(cheng)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie),各有(you)(you)(you)單獨的(de)(de)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)囊。指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)囊的(de)(de)增厚部分分別形成(cheng)掌(zhang)側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)、尺側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)和橈側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai),背側(ce)(ce)韌帶(dai)由(you)伸(shen)肌(ji)腱擴(kuo)張部所代替,伸(shen)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)腱和屈(qu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)腱在其(qi)上方(fang)和下方(fang)通(tong)過。當指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)屈(qu)曲時(shi),兩側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)變(bian)得松弛。正(zheng)常的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)只(zhi)能作屈(qu)、伸(shen)運動(dong)(dong),而(er)不能做外(wai)(wai)展、內收等側(ce)(ce)方(fang)活動(dong)(dong)。

  人的(de)手(shou)(shou)部需要做很多工作(zuo),活(huo)動頻繁,與外(wai)(wai)界接觸最(zui)多,因(yin)此,手(shou)(shou)部也(ye)是最(zui)易受到損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)部位(wei)。指(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)節(jie)扭挫傷(shang)(shang)是手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)多發傷(shang)(shang)病,多因(yin)跌倒撲(pu)地時手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)地,或由于手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)受到驟然的(de)側方(fang)打擊(ji),指(zhi)(zhi)端受到強力(li)牽拉或撞(zhuang)擊(ji),以及(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)節(jie)因(yin)外(wai)(wai)力(li)呈過度背(bei)伸(shen)(shen)、掌屈或扭轉超過正常范圍,致(zhi)使指(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)節(jie)內側、外(wai)(wai)側副韌帶、關(guan)節(jie)囊或關(guan)節(jie)軟骨(gu)等軟組織(zhi)部分撕(si)(si)裂或損(sun)傷(shang)(shang),嚴(yan)重時則導致(zhi)內側、外(wai)(wai)側副韌帶斷裂、關(guan)節(jie)囊撕(si)(si)裂或關(guan)節(jie)軟骨(gu)面損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)以及(ji)深淺屈伸(shen)(shen)肌腱(jian)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)、關(guan)節(jie)脫位(wei)、撕(si)(si)脫性(xing)骨(gu)折等。

2-2

  指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)扭挫(cuo)傷(shang)(shang)易發(fa)生于中、遠側(ce)(ce)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)和拇(mu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)。其(qi)主要癥狀表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)囊(nang)及韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)增(zeng)厚,關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)腫脹(zhang)、疼痛(tong),青紫(zi)淤血,屈(qu)伸(shen)(shen)活(huo)動(dong)明顯受限。手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常處于半(ban)屈(qu)位(wei),局部有明顯壓痛(tong)。側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)或關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)囊(nang)撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)時(shi),則可(ke)有指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的側(ce)(ce)向異常活(huo)動(dong),并(bing)(bing)可(ke)有偏斜畸(ji)形。側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)損傷(shang)(shang)一般分(fen)為(wei)3個(ge)等級(ji):1級(ji)損傷(shang)(shang)為(wei)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)部分(fen)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie),2級(ji)損傷(shang)(shang)為(wei)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)完(wan)全斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie),3級(ji)損傷(shang)(shang)為(wei)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)合并(bing)(bing)骨(gu)間(jian)肌附著點完(wan)全斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)。側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)者可(ke)有側(ce)(ce)方成角(jiao)畸(ji)形,手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)凸向傷(shang)(shang)側(ce)(ce)。傷(shang)(shang)側(ce)(ce)有壓痛(tong),被(bei)動(dong)側(ce)(ce)向活(huo)動(dong)時(shi)疼痛(tong)增(zeng)劇(ju)。側(ce)(ce)副(fu)韌帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)時(shi),將導(dao)致指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)不穩或臨時(shi)性半(ban)脫(tuo)(tuo)位(wei),并(bing)(bing)有側(ce)(ce)方活(huo)動(dong),甚至可(ke)出(chu)現(xian)手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)向一側(ce)(ce)偏斜的畸(ji)形。少(shao)數(shu)病(bing)例可(ke)伴有關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)邊緣的撕(si)脫(tuo)(tuo)骨(gu)折,骨(gu)折片可(ke)進入(ru)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)腔內(nei)。屈(qu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、伸(shen)(shen)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌腱(jian)同時(shi)受損時(shi),則以伸(shen)(shen)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌腱(jian)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)或撕(si)脫(tuo)(tuo)性骨(gu)折居多。

  指間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節扭挫傷(shang)是(shi)手(shou)部的常見傷(shang)病(bing)之一(yi),多(duo)見于青壯(zhuang)年。指間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節損(sun)傷(shang)后(hou),若未及(ji)時治療(liao)(liao),則極易發生韌(ren)帶(dai)(dai)、肌(ji)腱粘連,手(shou)指功能(neng)活(huo)動障礙,嚴重影響(xiang)生活(huo)質(zhi)量。因此,關(guan)(guan)(guan)節發生損(sun)傷(shang)后(hou)應(ying)立即進行冷敷(fu)處理,并及(ji)時前往(wang)醫院接受(shou)正規(gui)診(zhen)治。關(guan)(guan)(guan)節內(nei)側、外側副韌(ren)帶(dai)(dai)、關(guan)(guan)(guan)節囊等軟組織損(sun)傷(shang)較輕(qing)者,可通過保守療(liao)(liao)法得以(yi)治愈。若為側副韌(ren)帶(dai)(dai)、深淺屈伸肌(ji)腱斷裂(lie)或關(guan)(guan)(guan)節囊撕裂(lie),合并撕脫性骨折、關(guan)(guan)(guan)節脫位等損(sun)傷(shang)嚴重者,則應(ying)行修復、重建或復位、內(nei)固定等手(shou)術(shu)治療(liao)(liao)。

  在(zai)指(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關節扭挫(cuo)傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)保守(shou)治(zhi)療或(huo)術后康(kang)復期間(jian),均應使用專(zhuan)業(ye)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)骨夾板(ban)、肩(jian)臂(bei)吊帶(dai)等(deng)醫用護(hu)具(ju),將患(huan)(huan)指(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)于彎(wan)曲50°功能位,穩定(ding)患(huan)(huan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)力學構造,并借助于肩(jian)臂(bei)吊帶(dai)等(deng)專(zhuan)用護(hu)具(ju)對手(shou)臂(bei)加以制(zhi)動,確(que)保受損的(de)(de)(de)(de)韌帶(dai)、筋膜(mo)、軟骨、神經等(deng)軟組織處于相(xiang)對安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜養狀態(tai),避免牽拉或(huo)震動帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)疼(teng)痛感,配合(he)手(shou)法(fa)按(an)摩、理療、局部(bu)封閉、口服抗炎(yan)藥物(wu)等(deng)常(chang)規(gui)性治(zhi)療,視患(huan)(huan)指(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)復程度,積極(ji)進入早期功能鍛煉,可(ke)提高患(huan)(huan)部(bu)生(sheng)理機(ji)能良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)復效(xiao)果(guo)。

(3)、手(shou)指屈肌腱鞘炎

  腱(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)呈筒狀,由纖(xian)維性(xing)(xing)腱(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(纖(xian)維層(ceng)(ceng))和(he)滑膜(mo)性(xing)(xing)腱(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(滑膜(mo)層(ceng)(ceng))共同組成。筒狀纖(xian)維性(xing)(xing)腱(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)由肌腱(jian)表面增厚的深筋(jin)膜(mo)與骨膜(mo)、關節囊(nang)等相連而成,內(nei)含圓筒狀滑膜(mo)性(xing)(xing)腱(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao),其主要作用是防止(zhi)肌腱(jian)從被固定(ding)部位彈起或側(ce)向(xiang)滑移。

2-3-1

  滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)又分(fen)臟、壁兩(liang)層,壁層襯(chen)于纖(xian)維性(xing)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)內面(mian),在骨(gu)面(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)折疊(die)的(de)部分(fen)稱(cheng)為(wei)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)系膜(mo)(mo),包繞在肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)的(de)一(yi)層為(wei)臟層。臟、壁雙層滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)兩(liang)端封閉為(wei)盲腔,其間(jian)含有少(shao)量滑(hua)液,具(ju)有潤(run)滑(hua)和保(bao)持肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)活動(dong)(dong)度的(de)作用。當固定在一(yi)定位置(zhi)的(de)肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)長期(qi)重復、過度地(di)活動(dong)(dong)時,肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)和腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)之間(jian)因機械(xie)性(xing)摩擦而引起慢性(xing)無(wu)菌(jun)性(xing)炎(yan)性(xing)改變,以(yi)致水腫、纖(xian)維性(xing)變,引起內腔狹(xia)窄(zhai),導(dao)致肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)在腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)內活動(dong)(dong)時出現疼痛和運動(dong)(dong)障(zhang)礙,這就是腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan),也稱(cheng)為(wei)狹(xia)窄(zhai)性(xing)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan)。因發病(bing)部位不同,常見的(de)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan)有腕部的(de)橈(rao)骨(gu)莖突狹(xia)窄(zhai)性(xing)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan)、屈(qu)指(zhi)肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan)、足底(di)的(de)屈(qu)趾(zhi)肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan)以(yi)及肩部的(de)肱二(er)頭(tou)肌長頭(tou)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)炎(yan)等。

2-3-2

  手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘炎因(yin)手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患病后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀和屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)伸時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲響又名“扳機(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“、”彈響指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,或(huo)稱(cheng)拇(mu)(mu)長(chang)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淺(qian)(qian)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狹(xia)窄性腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘炎,常發生(sheng)于拇(mu)(mu)長(chang)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掌(zhang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頭處。從其構造而(er)言(yan),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淺(qian)(qian)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)行至掌(zhang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頸部,兩個(ge)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)擠入同一個(ge)狹(xia)窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和韌(ren)帶包繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性纖維管(guan),即腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘,再到達拇(mu)(mu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)二、三、四(si)、五指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由于手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經常屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)伸活(huo)動,屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)拇(mu)(mu)和屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)與骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性纖維管(guan)反(fan)復摩(mo)擦(ca),或(huo)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深、淺(qian)(qian)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互長(chang)期(qi)摩(mo)擦(ca),以及手(shou)持硬(ying)物與掌(zhang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擠壓(ya),極易(yi)導(dao)致該腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘發生(sheng)水腫(zhong)、增厚,進(jin)而(er)纖維軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性變(bian)或(huo)鈣化,使管(guan)腔變(bian)窄。而(er)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)因(yin)受壓(ya)而(er)變(bian)細,兩端膨大呈葫蘆狀,當手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屈(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)伸時,肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)難以順利通過狹(xia)窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鞘管(guan)而(er)導(dao)致卡壓(ya)、活(huo)動困(kun)難等臨床癥狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)。

  手(shou)指(zhi)屈肌(ji)腱(jian)(jian)鞘炎多發生于中年女性,主要(yao)癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)是手(shou)指(zhi)活動(dong)(dong)不利,有明(ming)顯壓痛(tong)(tong)感。掌指(zhi)關(guan)節部的掌面酸痛(tong)(tong)不適,尤以早晨起床或勞累后(hou)癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)明(ming)顯,握硬物時(shi)疼痛(tong)(tong)加重(zhong)。勉(mian)強伸直(zhi)手(shou)指(zhi)時(shi),在某一(yi)角(jiao)度出現交鎖或彈響。患手(shou)喜熱(re)怕冷,熱(re)水浴后(hou)稍有舒適感。屈伸傷(shang)指(zhi)時(shi),可觸及(ji)肌(ji)腱(jian)(jian)的膨大部在皮下(xia)滑動(dong)(dong),或有彈動(dong)(dong)感、彈響聲。腱(jian)(jian)鞘嚴(yan)重(zhong)狹窄時(shi),則膨大部受卡于管腔處,肌(ji)腱(jian)(jian)疼痛(tong)(tong)、無法(fa)滑動(dong)(dong),手(shou)指(zhi)末節不能全屈或伸直(zhi)。

  手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)屈肌腱鞘炎(yan)的大多數患者可(ke)采用(yong)手(shou)(shou)法治療(liao)和藥物治療(liao),嚴(yan)重(zhong)者可(ke)行手(shou)(shou)術切開。手(shou)(shou)術治療(liao)或(huo)術后(hou)康復(fu)期,均應使用(yong)專業(ye)設計的指(zhi)(zhi)骨夾板以(yi)及腕部固(gu)定(ding)帶(dai)(dai)或(huo)肩臂吊帶(dai)(dai)等(deng)專用(yong)護具,將患指(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)于功(gong)能(neng)位,穩定(ding)患部的生(sheng)物力學結構,并借助于肩臂吊帶(dai)(dai)等(deng)對手(shou)(shou)臂予以(yi)制動,確(que)保患部處于相對安全(quan)的靜養狀(zhuang)態,視其恢復(fu)程(cheng)度,在可(ke)動范圍內逐步進行功(gong)能(neng)鍛煉,以(yi)達到理想的康復(fu)效果。

(4)、手(shou)指關節骨性(xing)關節炎

  關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)可分(fen)為(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)和(he)繼發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)兩種(zhong)。原(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)的病(bing)因不清,繼發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)則是(shi)在原(yuan)(yuan)有疾(ji)病(bing)的基礎上(shang)發(fa)(fa)展成(cheng)骨關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)。許多疾(ji)病(bing)諸如先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)發(fa)(fa)育異常(chang)、外傷、兒童期關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)病(bing)變(bian)(bian)、各種(zhong)代謝性(xing)(xing)疾(ji)病(bing)以及多種(zhong)促使關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)軟(ruan)骨變(bian)(bian)性(xing)(xing)的關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)內炎(yan)(yan)癥,最終(zhong)均可轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)骨性(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)。

  骨(gu)(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)炎(yan)(osteoarthritis,OA)又稱退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)骨(gu)(gu)關(guan)節(jie)病(bing)(bing),是一種(zhong)以關(guan)節(jie)軟骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)變性(xing)(xing)(xing)、破壞及骨(gu)(gu)質增(zeng)(zeng)生為特征的(de)(de)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)病(bing)(bing),與(yu)年齡的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)、肥胖(pang)、炎(yan)癥(zheng)、創傷(shang)及遺傳(chuan)等因(yin)(yin)素密切相關(guan),臨床上以關(guan)節(jie)腫痛(tong)、骨(gu)(gu)質增(zeng)(zeng)生及活動受限最(zui)為常見。手指間關(guan)節(jie)是人體活動最(zui)為頻繁的(de)(de)關(guan)節(jie),最(zui)易受到傷(shang)病(bing)(bing)、勞損、遺傳(chuan)或感(gan)染等因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)影響(xiang)而致病(bing)(bing),因(yin)(yin)此也(ye)是骨(gu)(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)炎(yan)極(ji)易發生的(de)(de)部位(wei)。

2-4

  手指關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節骨性(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節炎在(zai)骨性(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節炎中較為(wei)常(chang)見,其主(zhu)(zhu)要特(te)(te)征(zheng)以(yi)多關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節病(bing)變(bian)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),尤其是遠(yuan)端(duan)指間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節。腫痛和壓(ya)痛不太明顯,但(dan)在(zai)指關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節背面的(de)(de)內外(wai)側有(you)特(te)(te)征(zheng)性(xing)改變(bian),出(chu)現骨性(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)生,形(xing)成(cheng)硬結(jie)節。位于(yu)(yu)遠(yuan)端(duan)指間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節的(de)(de)結(jie)節稱為(wei)赫伯登(deng)結(jie)節(Heberden結(jie)節),位于(yu)(yu)近端(duan)指間(jian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節的(de)(de)結(jie)節稱為(wei)布(bu)夏爾結(jie)節(Bouchard結(jie)節)。其病(bing)變(bian)可(ke)累(lei)及一個(ge)或(huo)數個(ge)手指,隱襲發病(bing)而常(chang)無癥狀。當(dang)手部勞累(lei)過度或(huo)浸入涼(liang)水時疼(teng)痛加劇,關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節活動受限,可(ke)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節腫脹、積(ji)液,通(tong)常(chang)無游走性(xing)疼(teng)痛。有(you)時發病(bing)較急(ji),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節腫大,輕(qing)度壓(ya)痛,有(you)時指尖麻木(mu)、刺痛、有(you)笨拙感。嚴(yan)重時關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節間(jian)隙(xi)狹窄(zhai),軟骨下骨硬化,關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節邊緣呈(cheng)(cheng)唇樣增(zeng)(zeng)生或(huo)骨贅形(xing)成(cheng),晚期可(ke)見關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)屈曲或(huo)向外(wai)側移位。尤以(yi)遠(yuan)指關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節為(wei)甚,構(gou)成(cheng)蛇樣手指。

  本(ben)病(bing)多(duo)發于(yu)中年以后(hou),并有性(xing)(xing)別傾向。如45歲以下,男(nan)性(xing)(xing)多(duo)于(yu)女性(xing)(xing)。45歲以上,女性(xing)(xing)明顯多(duo)于(yu)男(nan)性(xing)(xing)。本(ben)病(bing)的(de)殘(can)率(lv)較高,早期診斷和早期治(zhi)療非常重(zhong)(zhong)要。對于(yu)可用(yong)藥物控制或(huo)病(bing)變停止進展等無痛(tong)者,則不(bu)需特殊治(zhi)療。若癥狀十分嚴重(zhong)(zhong),并侵(qin)犯關節(jie)和骨(gu)骼時,可行截骨(gu)術(shu)或(huo)關節(jie)置換等手(shou)術(shu)治(zhi)療。

  在手指(zhi)關節(jie)(jie)骨性關節(jie)(jie)炎的(de)術后康(kang)復期,應使用(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)設計(ji)的(de)指(zhi)骨夾板、肩(jian)臂(bei)吊(diao)帶等(deng)醫用(yong)護具(ju),將患指(zhi)固定于(yu)功能位,穩定其(qi)生(sheng)物力學結(jie)構(gou),并(bing)借助于(yu)肩(jian)臂(bei)吊(diao)帶等(deng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)護具(ju)對(dui)(dui)手臂(bei)予以制動(dong),確保患部處(chu)于(yu)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)安全的(de)靜養狀態,并(bing)視其(qi)恢復程度(du),在可(ke)(ke)動(dong)范圍內逐(zhu)步(bu)進行功能鍛煉,可(ke)(ke)提(ti)高良好的(de)康(kang)復護理效(xiao)果。

(5)、手指(zhi)屈肌腱損傷

  手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)的彎曲(qu)(qu)與握持功能主(zhu)要(yao)依靠其屈指(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)。拇指(zhi)(zhi)的屈指(zhi)(zhi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)為一條,其余手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)為深淺兩條,即指(zhi)(zhi)深屈肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)與指(zhi)(zhi)淺屈肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian),均起于(yu)前臂,經過腕管、掌(zhang)心、屈指(zhi)(zhi)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)鞘管,分別抵止(zhi)于(yu)遠(yuan)節指(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)基(ji)底(di)部及中(zhong)節指(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)中(zhong)段。整個肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)周圍(wei)被(bei)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)圍(wei)或(huo)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)周組織這一疏松的結(jie)締組織所包繞,既營養肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian),又便(bian)于(yu)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)在其中(zhong)滑動。指(zhi)(zhi)深屈肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)的主(zhu)要(yao)作用是屈曲(qu)(qu)遠(yuan)側指(zhi)(zhi)間關節,指(zhi)(zhi)淺屈肌(ji)(ji)(ji)腱(jian)(jian)(jian)則是屈曲(qu)(qu)近側指(zhi)(zhi)間關節。

  人(ren)的手(shou)部因正常的生活和工作需要,使用頻繁(fan),常常會(hui)遇到(dao)諸(zhu)如切、割、劃、蹭(ceng)等皮外(wai)損傷。手(shou)指(zhi)屈肌腱(jian)的解(jie)剖(pou)結構比較(jiao)特(te)殊,手(shou)的損傷又多集中于掌側(ce),因此,手(shou)指(zhi)的屈指(zhi)肌腱(jian)受(shou)到(dao)的傷害較(jiao)為多見。

2-5

  手指(zhi)(zhi)屈肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)損傷(shang)(shang)(shang)常(chang)為(wei)開放(fang)性(xing),多見于銳器切割傷(shang)(shang)(shang)、刺破傷(shang)(shang)(shang)等,合并(bing)神(shen)經血管傷(shang)(shang)(shang)或(huo)骨關節(jie)損傷(shang)(shang)(shang),也可發生閉合性(xing)撕裂傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)不完(wan)全(quan)斷裂時,雖然關節(jie)仍能(neng)活動(dong),但疼(teng)痛、無力。肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)損傷(shang)(shang)(shang)尤其是斷裂后,相應的(de)關節(jie)失去活動(dong)功(gong)能(neng),如指(zhi)(zhi)深屈肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)斷裂,則(ze)遠側指(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關節(jie)不能(neng)屈曲。指(zhi)(zhi)深淺屈肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)均斷裂,則(ze)遠近(jin)側指(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)關節(jie)均不能(neng)屈曲。由于肌(ji)(ji)肉的(de)收縮,肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)的(de)近(jin)側斷端均有回縮。若為(wei)近(jin)側指(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)處斷裂,則(ze)斷端可縮回到(dao)掌部。肌(ji)(ji)腱(jian)受(shou)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)時,手指(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)呈畸形,傷(shang)(shang)(shang)后關節(jie)伸(shen)直,遠側斷端又現移動(dong),治(zhi)療(liao)難度極(ji)大(da)。

  手(shou)(shou)指屈肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)損(sun)傷(shang)多以手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)為主。若(ruo)處理不當,則極易(yi)導(dao)致關(guan)節(jie)(jie)變形,引發功能(neng)障(zhang)礙。因(yin)屈指肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)在不同部(bu)位(wei)的解(jie)剖結構有其(qi)特殊性(xing),治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)原則和方法(fa)(fa)也不盡相同。根據Verdan分類(注1),屈指肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)可分為5區(qu)。治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)時應傷(shang)口(kou)清創(chuang),視其(qi)外傷(shang)史、受(shou)傷(shang)部(bu)位(wei)、各指關(guan)節(jie)(jie)屈曲障(zhang)礙情(qing)況(kuang)而(er)判斷(duan)(duan)傷(shang)指屬于深腱(jian)(jian)(jian)斷(duan)(duan)裂,還是(shi)淺腱(jian)(jian)(jian)(拇(mu)指是(shi)長腱(jian)(jian)(jian)或短腱(jian)(jian)(jian))斷(duan)(duan)裂,以及屬于幾區(qu)的斷(duan)(duan)裂,根據具體情(qing)況(kuang),使(shi)用各種肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)縫合術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行針對(dui)性(xing)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。若(ruo)肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)有缺損(sun)時,可行肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)延長術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、移(yi)植術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、移(yi)位(wei)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等方法(fa)(fa)予以修復(fu)。當上述(shu)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)均無法(fa)(fa)實施時,可行指間關(guan)節(jie)(jie)肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)固定術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、指間關(guan)節(jie)(jie)融合術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)或滑車(che)重建術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、分期肌腱(jian)(jian)(jian)移(yi)植術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、屈腱(jian)(jian)(jian)松解(jie)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)予以綜合性(xing)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。

  在手指屈肌腱損(sun)傷及術后康復期(qi)(qi)間,為配(pei)合常規性(xing)治療(liao),可使用(yong)專業設計(ji)的(de)指骨夾板(ban)等醫用(yong)護具(ju)將患(huan)指固(gu)定(ding)于功能(neng)位(wei),并(bing)借助于肩臂(bei)吊帶(dai)等固(gu)定(ding)支具(ju),對手部(bu)及肩臂(bei)予以制(zhi)動,避(bi)免(mian)牽拉或甩(shuai)動帶(dai)來的(de)疼(teng)痛感,確保同時受損(sun)的(de)軟骨、筋膜、神(shen)經等軟組(zu)織處(chu)于相對穩定(ding)的(de)安(an)全狀(zhuang)態。為防止組(zu)織粘連或功能(neng)低下,視患(huan)指的(de)康復程度,積極進入(ru)早期(qi)(qi)功能(neng)鍛(duan)煉,以獲得(de)理(li)(li)想的(de)固(gu)定(ding)防護和康復護理(li)(li)效果。

 
注(zhu)1:Verdan分(fen)類

Ⅰ區:手指(zhi)中節(jie)指(zhi)淺屈肌(ji)止(zhi)點(dian)至末(mo)節(jie)指(zhi)深屈肌(ji)的止(zhi)點(dian)間;拇指(zhi)為近節(jie)中部至拇長屈肌(ji)腱止(zhi)點(dian)。

Ⅱ區(qu):中節指(zhi)骨(gu)中部至掌骨(gu)頸(jing)部,常被稱為“無人區(qu)”。

Ⅲ區:手掌區,即從(cong)掌骨頸部到腕橫韌帶的遠側緣(yuan)。

Ⅳ區:腕(wan)(wan)管區,即拇(mu)指(zhi)接入掌部(bu)的(de)遠端(duan)端(duan)點(dian)至腕(wan)(wan)橫(heng)紋。

Ⅴ區:前臂區,即腕橫紋(wen)起至前臂。

拇指屈肌腱(jian)亦分5區,

Ⅰ區:拇長(chang)屈肌腱(jian)附著點(dian);

Ⅱ區:近節指骨頸(jing)到掌骨頸(jing),即(ji)腱鞘區;

Ⅲ區(qu)(qu):大魚際肌(ji)肉區(qu)(qu);

Ⅳ區:腕管區;

Ⅴ區:前臂區。

 
3、手部傷(shang)病的預防與治療:

  手部的(de)骨骼(ge)、肌(ji)(ji)肉、肌(ji)(ji)腱、韌帶及神經構成比全身任(ren)何部位(wei)都(dou)復(fu)雜(za)而靈敏,能做(zuo)各種精(jing)細的(de)運動(dong)。人的(de)絕大部分(fen)的(de)動(dong)作都(dou)需要(yao)手部完(wan)成,因此,手部也是(shi)極(ji)易(yi)受到傷(shang)病(bing)侵害的(de)部位(wei)。

  手(shou)指沒(mei)有(you)(you)任何(he)肌肉(rou),只(zhi)有(you)(you)韌(ren)帶、筋腱(jian)、神(shen)經、血管等軟組(zu)織,因此,其傷(shang)病除了手(shou)骨骨折、韌(ren)帶斷(duan)裂(lie)、撕(si)裂(lie)之外(wai),還有(you)(you)腱(jian)鞘囊(nang)腫和(he)與此密切(qie)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)腱(jian)鞘炎。在日常的(de)(de)工作(zuo)和(he)生活(huo)中,應時(shi)刻注意對手(shou)的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu),以保證不給自己和(he)家(jia)人帶來(lai)不必(bi)要的(de)(de)煩惱和(he)麻煩。手(shou)部(bu)(bu)一旦患病或受(shou)到(dao)損(sun)(sun)傷(shang),應及時(shi)就醫治(zhi)療,以免錯失(shi)良(liang)機。除骨折、脫位(wei)等急性(xing)損(sun)(sun)傷(shang)的(de)(de)嚴重者(zhe)必(bi)須手(shou)術(shu)(shu)治(zhi)療外(wai),大(da)多數情況(kuang)下(xia),使用手(shou)法(fa)治(zhi)療、理療、藥物(wu)、冷敷(fu)、熱敷(fu)、推拿按摩、指骨夾(jia)板等護(hu)(hu)具(ju)固定(ding)、局部(bu)(bu)封閉等非手(shou)術(shu)(shu)療法(fa)或護(hu)(hu)理也能(neng)達(da)到(dao)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)康復(fu)(fu)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。在手(shou)指損(sun)(sun)傷(shang)的(de)(de)常規治(zhi)療和(he)術(shu)(shu)后康復(fu)(fu)期間(jian),應使用專業設計的(de)(de)指骨夾(jia)板、前臂(bei)吊帶以及腕部(bu)(bu)固定(ding)帶等醫用護(hu)(hu)具(ju),將(jiang)患部(bu)(bu)牢固地固定(ding)于功(gong)(gong)能(neng)位(wei),保持制動狀態,穩定(ding)患部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)生物(wu)力(li)學結(jie)構,并視其恢復(fu)(fu)程度,在可動范(fan)圍內(nei)逐(zhu)步進(jin)行功(gong)(gong)能(neng)鍛煉,可增強良(liang)好的(de)(de)康復(fu)(fu)護(hu)(hu)理效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。

 
4、博道指(zhi)骨夾(jia)板/指(zhi)托的(de)產品介(jie)紹(shao):

  博道(大(da)連)醫療器械有限公司(si)依據豐富的(de)(de)臨床經(jing)驗和(he)人體工學的(de)(de)科學數據,專業(ye)設計(ji)、生(sheng)產的(de)(de)指骨(gu)夾(jia)板(ban)系列產品(pin)主要由親(qin)膚性透氣襯墊(dian)及鋁(lv)制護板(ban)組成(cheng),以物理(li)固定方式,穩(wen)定手(shou)部關節損傷后的(de)(de)生(sheng)物力學結構,減輕患部承重,確保受損的(de)(de)肌腱、韌帶、筋膜、軟(ruan)骨(gu)、神經(jing)等(deng)軟(ruan)組織處于(yu)相對穩(wen)定的(de)(de)靜養狀態,避免牽拉及甩動,可有效提高患部的(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)防護和(he)康(kang)復護理(li)效果。

  博道指(zhi)骨夾板系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)透氣性好,使用(yong)方(fang)便,不妨礙(ai)皮表的血液循環(huan),無需裁剪長短、大小,可(ke)按(an)照指(zhi)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)手部功(gong)能(neng)位輕松(song)彎曲(qu)或(huo)(huo)塑形(xing)(xing),并(bing)可(ke)借助(zhu)于膠布、繃(beng)帶、前(qian)臂吊帶或(huo)(huo)三角(jiao)巾等(deng)(deng)康(kang)復支(zhi)具靈活(huo)調整固定強度和角(jiao)度,適用(yong)于指(zhi)骨、掌(zhang)骨、腕(wan)(wan)骨骨折(zhe)和指(zhi)間關(guan)節、掌(zhang)指(zhi)關(guan)節、腕(wan)(wan)掌(zhang)關(guan)節扭挫傷以及伸指(zhi)肌腱、屈(qu)指(zhi)肌腱、內外側副韌帶、關(guan)節囊損傷等(deng)(deng)傷后或(huo)(huo)術(shu)后固定,也(ye)適用(yong)于錘狀指(zhi)、手指(zhi)屈(qu)肌腱鞘炎(yan)(扳機手、彈響指(zhi))、手指(zhi)骨性關(guan)節炎(yan)(赫伯登結節、布夏爾結節)等(deng)(deng)手指(zhi)關(guan)節退行性疾病(bing)的術(shu)后固定與(yu)護(hu)理(li),是手部疾患人群值得信(xin)賴的防護(hu)和康(kang)復護(hu)理(li)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。


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